China’s National Bureau of Statistics announced on Thursday that it will conduct a nationwide sample survey to “accurately” monitor population changes and improve economic and social policies. The survey, running until November 30, is part of the government’s ongoing efforts to address a declining birth rate and the challenges of a rapidly ageing population.
The latest survey comes after a similar poll in 2023 and aims to collect data from both urban and rural areas. According to a statement from the bureau, the findings will help develop “national economic and social development plans” that reflect the population’s changing dynamics.
Policymakers Address Population Decline
Beijing has been implementing various measures to encourage young couples to have more children, following a second consecutive year of population decline in 2023. With the number of those aged 60 and above expected to increase by 40%—reaching over 400 million by 2035—policymakers are facing mounting pressure to reverse this trend. The projected rise in the elderly population is equivalent to the combined populations of Britain and the United States.
Authorities have linked population growth to national strength and rejuvenation in state media. As part of their strategy, health officials have emphasised advocating marriage and childbirth at appropriate ages, while promoting shared parenting responsibilities to encourage positive attitudes towards family life.
Declining Birth Rates and Rising Costs of Childcare
Despite these efforts, many young Chinese remain reluctant to have children due to high childcare costs, the pressures of traditional societal norms, and concerns about career advancement. In China’s patriarchal society, women are often expected to be the primary caregivers, leading to widespread gender discrimination. These factors have contributed to a growing number of young people choosing to remain childless or delay starting families.
The number of marriages in the first half of 2023 fell to its lowest level since 2013, highlighting the challenges Beijing faces in promoting family growth.
Importance of the Population Survey
The population survey will provide critical insights into these trends, helping the government craft targeted policies to address the birth rate crisis and support China’s long-term development. The National Bureau of Statistics has urged local governments and communities to support the survey process and warned against any “illegal acts” during the data collection phase.
China last conducted a full census in November 2020, which revealed that the population grew at its slowest rate since the first modern survey in the 1950s. The upcoming sample survey aims to offer a clearer picture of the ongoing demographic shifts affecting the nation.
(With Inputs from Reuters)
