Immigration and integration have become central issues across Europe, sparking intense debate and political shifts. Such is the situation with Austria.
Many Austrians are worried about their country’s ability to integrate migrants, especially Muslims, and their desire for stricter immigration laws was a key issue in Sunday’s election which gave victory to the far-right Freedom Party (FPO) for the first time.
Both the FPO and the runner-up, the ruling conservative Austrian People’s Party (OVP), ran on pledges to tighten asylum laws and crack down on illegal immigration.
Concerns Rise Over Far-Right Gains In Europe, Including Austria
The FPO victory added to critics’ concerns about the rise of the far right in Europe after electoral gains in recent months by the Alternative for Germany and the National Rally in France.
“Whatever the government looks like after the election, I’m certain it’ll work towards toughening up asylum and immigration law,” Professor Walter Obwexer, an adviser to the government on migration law, said before the vote.
The number of people in Austria born abroad or whose parents were born jumped by more than a third between 2015 and last year, and now account for around 27% of the population of about 9 million.
Together the FPO and the OVP won over 55% of the vote and one of the two is almost certain to lead the next government, feeding expectations that Austria, like neighbouring Germany and Hungary, and France, will adopt tougher rules.
Opinion polls showed immigration and inflation were key voter concerns. Such is the worry that Austria is taking in migrants faster than it can integrate them that even some Austrians of Muslim origin feel Austria is stretched.
“I wonder if the system is close to collapse”, said Mehmet Ozay, a Turkish-born Austrian FPO supporter, arguing there were too many asylum seekers not contributing to state coffers.
FPO’s Criticism Of Islam
The FPO has combined its tough talk on immigration with criticism of Islam.
The issue took centre stage last month when police arrested a teenager with North Macedonian roots on suspicion of masterminding a failed Islamic State-inspired attack on a Taylor Swift concert in Vienna.
Running on the campaign slogan “Fortress Austria”, the FPO promoted “remigration”, including returning asylum seekers to their countries of origin, especially if they fail to integrate, and limiting asylum rights.
That has unsettled some who feel the party, which dropped some of its more polarizing slogans in the campaign, is demonising foreigners.
The FPO, which did not reply to a request for comment, denies this. It says asylum seekers are a drain on state resources, and draws attention to crimes some of them commit.
FPO’s Rhetoric Echoes Pre-World War Two Antisemitism
“The FPO routinely talk about refugees and asylum seekers as rapists and thieves and drug dealers”, said Hedy, a social worker and Austrian citizen who arrived as a refugee from Afghanistan. He declined to give his last name.
“Something very similar happened to the Jews in Vienna before the Second World War”, he said, adding that the FPO, which wants to ban “political Islam”, would embolden xenophobes.
The FPO, whose first leader was a former Nazi lawmaker, has sought to distance itself from its past, and in 2019 helped pass a law allowing foreign descendants of Austrian victims of National Socialism to acquire Austrian citizenship.
This month FPO leader Herbert Kickl called Adolf Hitler the “biggest mass murderer in human history”, as he roundly denounced the Nazi dictator’s legacy in a television debate.
Still, Alon Ishay, head of the Austrian Association of Jewish Students, said he saw some parallels between targeting of Jews in the early Nazi era and attitudes to Muslims now.
“There are rhetorical similarities when you talk about deportation, when you talk about taking people’s citizenship away”, he said, also speaking before Sunday’s election.
FPO-backer Ozay disagreed, saying that Muslims such as himself were free to do as they liked in Austria.
“If there were daily attacks by FPO voters I would understand the fear that things would get even more extreme if Kickl came to power”, he said. “But that’s not how it is. It’s just fear stirred up by the other parties.”
(With input from Reuters)
